沙土冬闲田种植青饲黑麦的可行性分析

在对沙地种植黑麦的方式，利用效益及增产技术进行研究的基础上，对沙土冬闲地的利用现状，存在问题及种植青饲黑麦的实际效益与可行性进行了分析，以期为其推广应用提供依据。     

威提特东非狼尾草种子生产技术的研究

比较了4种土壤类型和3种留茬高度对威提特东非狼尾草(Pennisetum clandestinum cv. Whittet)种子产量和质量的影响。结果表明:以单因素而言,生土处理和0.05 m留茬高度处理所获得的平均种子产量最高;两因素处理的结果表明,以生土和0.05 m留茬高度互作后所获得的种子产量最高,其种子产量达447kg/hm2;各土壤类型和不同留茬高度的处理对种子的质量影响差异不显著。     

雷州山羊和隆林山羊遗传多样性的微卫星分析

为了调查中国热带、亚热带主要山羊品种的遗传资源现状,应用14对微卫星引物,检测了隆林山羊和雷州山羊不同分布地区的群体遗传多样性水平。隆林山羊(柳州)、隆林山羊(百棚)、雷州山羊(徐闻)、雷州山羊(海南)各群体平均多态信息含量(PIC)分别为0.645、0.600、0.483、0.518;平均杂合度(H)分别为0.281、0.421、0.121、0.157;平均等位基因数(k)分别为5.17、4.93、4.64、4.5,3组数据综合说明两个山羊品种遗传多样性相对匮乏,群体遗传变异较低;NJ法聚类显示,隆林山羊两个群体聚为一类,再与雷州山羊(徐闻)聚在一起,最后为雷州山羊(海南),这与两个品种的来源及地理分布基本一致。研究结果为中国热带、亚热带山羊品种资源开发利用提供了基础资料和科学数据。     

基于实码遗传算法的河流水质模型的参数估计

针对理想条件下采用解析法往往导致水质参数估计较大误差的问题，以及针对含有多参数的二维水质模型的参数估计问题，具体介绍了采用有限单元法和实码遗传算法求解二维水质模型未知参数的基本步骤，对水质参数(包括纵向、横向弥散系数和衰减系数)分别进行编码，通过计算机模拟浓度输出，并与实测值比较从而得出最优的水质参数估计值．算例表明，采用有限单元法-遗传算法估计河流水质模型的参数是可行的．     

Effect of Gypsum Application on Long Term Changes in Soil Properties and Crop Growth in Sodic Soils under Field Conditions

In a field study, conducted on farmer's waste sodic soils, Aquic Natrustalf, 12.5 t/ha gypsum was surface mixed. Effect of gypsum application on soil properties and crop yields of rice and wheat grown in succession was evaluated after one to five years of gypsum application. The results showed that soil pH, electrical conductivity, calcium carbonate and soil dispersion decreased, whereas organic carbon, hydraulic conductivity, water infiltration and storage increased considerably after five years of gypsum application. In the initial years the improvement in soil properties was more in the surface layers and extended to lower layers slowly in the following years. Average grain yields of rice and wheat in the first year were 4.2 and 1.8 t/ha, respectively. The yields further increased to 6.1 and 2.5 t/ha in the 5th year, but the yields were lower than the yields obtained in research experiment. Relationships between wheat grain yield and pH of 0–15 and 15–30 cm layers were established. Wheat yield reduced by 45 percent when pH of 0–15 cm layer increased from 9.0 to 9.5. The sodicity of sub soil was still too high to permit the cultivation of deep rooted crops even after five years of gypsum application. Normal crop production is possible in these sodic soils, given sufficient time to reduce the sub soil sodicity.     

温室内人参生长区土壤温度变化的试验研究

人参以根入药,在其生长过程中,土壤温度的变化对人参生长速度和品质有着重要的作用,而环境温度的变化对各深度土壤的温度有很直接的影响.为此,对温室人参生长区内的土壤进行了试验研究.试验表明:随着土壤深度的增加,环境温度的影响越来越小,土壤温度有趋于稳定的趋势.     

Bacterial community structure of nirK-bearing denitrifiers and the development of properties of soils in created mitigation wetlands

We investigated the abundance and genetic heterogeneity of bacterial nitrite reductase genes (nir) and soil structural properties in created and natural freshwater wetlands in the Virginia piedmont. Soil attributes included soil organic matter (SOM), total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), pH, gravimetric soil moisture (GSM), and bulk density (D_b). A subset of soil attributes were analyzed across the sites, using euclidean cluster analysis, resulting in three soil condition (SC) groups of increasing wetland soil development (i.e., SC1 < SC2 < SC3; less to more developed or matured) as measured by accumulation of TOC, TN, the increase of GSM, and the decrease of D_b. There were no difference found in the bacterial community diversity between the groups (p = 0.4). NirK gene copies detected ranged between 3.6 × 10⁴ and 3.4 × 10⁷ copies g⁻¹ soil and were significantly higher in the most developed soil group, SC3, than in the least developed soil group, SC1. However, the gene copies were lowest in SC2 that had a significantly higher soil pH (~6.6) than the other two SC groups (~5.3). The same pattern was found in denitrifying enzyme activity (DEA) on a companion study where DEA was found negatively correlated with soil pH. Gene fragments were amplified and products were screened by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis. Among 146 different T-RFs identified, fourteen were dominant and together made up more than 65% of all detected fragments. While SC groups did not relate to whole nirK communities, most soil properties that identified SC groups did significantly correlate to dominant members of the community.     

加筋水泥土围护结构基坑开挖有限元分析

利用有限元程序,对小型钢加筋水泥土支护工程实例进行数值模拟计算。对基坑开挖后挡墙的受力特性,变形特性进行了有限元计算分析,通过计算,明确了组合挡墙受力后的变形情况以及水泥土和小型钢的工作状态、应力分布特点。证实在小变形下水泥土与型钢协同工作性能良好,对于深度不大的基坑支护工程,小型钢加筋水泥土组合支护结构非常适用。     

玉米生长与地面覆盖栽培试验

在广州秋播玉米采用稻草覆盖与地膜覆盖和无覆盖相比，稻草覆盖的玉米产量和穗行数性状明显优越，穗长，行粒数，穗粗，千料重等性状也有较好的趋势。稻草和黑色地膜覆盖，均可减少杂草萌发，稻草覆盖处理中萌发的杂草，仍然会不断生长，但个体数量已大大减少。     

花卉土壤处理关键技术

土壤是花卉生长的主要基地,要种植出效果令人满意的花卉,土壤处理是关键问题。通过改良极度黏重或砂轻的土壤质地、调节土壤酸碱度,根据各类花卉的习性和不同生长发育阶段精心调制适应需要的培养土,并且进行严格消毒,能提高花卉的成活率,对促进花卉的生长发育具有重要的意义。